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Disadvantages of Medicare Advantage

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Medicare Advantage Disadvantages: Understanding the Downsides of Medicare Advantage Plans

Introduction

Medicare Advantage plans, also known as Medicare Part C, offer an alternative way to receive Medicare benefits. While these plans come with several advantages, it’s important to be aware of their potential disadvantages. In this article, we will explore the Medicare Advantage disadvantages, shedding light on the drawbacks associated with these plans.

Medicare Advantage Disadvantages

Medicare Advantage plans, despite their benefits, may have some downsides that beneficiaries should consider before enrolling. Let’s take a closer look at the disadvantages of Medicare Advantage plans:

1. Limited Network of Providers

Medicare Advantage plans typically have a network of preferred providers. This means that you may need to seek healthcare services from doctors, hospitals, and specialists within the plan’s network. Going out-of-network may result in higher out-of-pocket costs or may not be covered at all.

2. Lack of Nationwide Coverage

Unlike Original Medicare, which provides coverage nationwide, Medicare Advantage plans often have limited geographic coverage. If you frequently travel or spend time in different states, it’s important to check whether your plan will cover you outside its designated service area.

3. Potential for Higher Out-of-Pocket Costs

Medicare Advantage plans often require beneficiaries to pay certain cost-sharing amounts, such as copayments and coinsurance, for services rendered. These out-of-pocket costs can add up, particularly if you require frequent medical care or specialized treatments.

4. Prior Authorization Requirements

Some Medicare Advantage plans may require prior authorization for certain medical procedures, treatments, or medications. This means that you would need approval from the plan before receiving the service, which can introduce delays and additional administrative steps.

5. Limited Prescription Drug Formularies

Many Medicare Advantage plans include prescription drug coverage, known as Medicare Part D. However, these plans may have limited formularies that only cover specific medications. If you take medications that are not included in your plan’s formulary, you may need to pay the full cost out-of-pocket.

6. Potential Disruption of Doctor-Patient Relationships

When you enroll in a Medicare Advantage plan, you may need to change doctors if your current healthcare providers are not part of the plan’s network. This can be particularly challenging if you have established a trusting relationship with your doctors and specialists over the years.

7. Difficulty Comparing Plans

Medicare Advantage plans can vary significantly in terms of coverage, costs, and benefits. Comparing these plans can be complex and time-consuming, especially considering the frequent changes in plan offerings from year to year.

8. Risk of Plan Discontinuation

Medicare Advantage plans are offered by private insurance companies, and these companies can choose to discontinue or modify their plans from year to year. If your plan is discontinued, you would need to find a new plan during the next Medicare Annual Enrollment Period.

9. Extra Costs for Non-Essential Services

While Original Medicare covers medically necessary services, Medicare Advantage plans may offer additional benefits such as dental, vision, or hearing coverage. However, these added benefits may come with additional costs, either through higher premiums or increased out-of-pocket expenses.

10. Potential for Coverage Limitations

Medicare Advantage plans may have limitations on certain services or treatments. For example, they may impose restrictions on the number of physical therapy sessions covered or limit the frequency of certain diagnostic tests.

11. Difficulty Accessing Specialists

Specialist care may be more challenging to access under a Medicare Advantage plan. Some plans require referrals from primary care physicians to see a specialist, which can introduce delays and additional administrative steps.

12. Risk of Plan Non-Renewal

Similar to discontinuation, Medicare Advantage plans can also choose not to renew their contracts with Medicare. If your plan is not renewed, you would need to find an alternative plan during the next Medicare Annual Enrollment Period.

13. Inflexible Enrollment Periods

Medicare Advantage plans have specific enrollment periods, such as the Initial Enrollment Period and the Annual Enrollment Period. Missing these enrollment windows may limit your options or result in a gap in coverage.

14. Potential for Disenrollment Restrictions

Once enrolled in a Medicare Advantage plan, beneficiaries may face limitations on changing plans or returning to Original Medicare. It’s important to carefully consider your healthcare needs and plan options before making a decision.

15. Limited Coverage for Certain Medical Facilities

Not all healthcare facilities, such as specialized hospitals or renowned medical centers, may be part of a Medicare Advantage plan’s network. This can restrict your choices when seeking care from specific facilities.

16. Complexity of Plan Rules and Regulations

Medicare Advantage plans often have their own set of rules and regulations that beneficiaries must navigate. Understanding these complexities can be challenging, particularly for individuals who are not familiar with health insurance terminology and processes.

17. Potential Loss of Access to Medigap Plans

If you choose to enroll in a Medicare Advantage plan, you will not be able to purchase a Medigap policy. Medigap plans help cover out-of-pocket costs associated with Original Medicare, providing additional financial protection.

18. Lack of Standardization Across Plans

Medicare Advantage plans can differ significantly from one another in terms of coverage, cost-sharing, and network providers. This lack of standardization can make it harder to compare and select the best plan for your specific needs.

19. Limited Flexibility for Snowbirds

If you are someone who spends part of the year in a different state, a Medicare Advantage plan may not provide the flexibility you need. Some plans may only cover emergency care outside their service area, which may not be suitable for individuals with seasonal residency.

20. Potential for Plan Changes Throughout the Year

Unlike Original Medicare, which remains relatively stable, Medicare Advantage plans can modify their coverage, network, and costs during the year. These changes can impact your access to services and the affordability of your healthcare.

21. Difficulty in Dispute Resolution

If you have a disagreement or dispute with your Medicare Advantage plan, resolving the issue can be challenging. Navigating the appeals process and communicating with the insurance company may require time and effort.

22. Limited Coverage During Travel Abroad

Medicare Advantage plans usually do not provide coverage for healthcare services received outside the United States. If you frequently travel internationally or reside abroad, it’s important to explore other options for healthcare coverage during your time outside the country.

23. Risk of Plan Marketing Misinformation

Medicare Advantage plans may be marketed heavily, and the information provided by insurance companies may not always be entirely accurate or clear. It’s crucial to conduct thorough research and verify the details of a plan before making a decision.

24. Potential for Higher Administrative Burden

Medicare Advantage plans often require beneficiaries to navigate various administrative tasks, such as obtaining prior authorizations, coordinating care between providers, and understanding plan-specific guidelines. This increased administrative burden can be overwhelming for some individuals.

25. Impact on Low-Income Individuals

While Medicare Advantage plans are required to provide at least the same level of coverage as Original Medicare, certain low-income individuals may have better access to financial assistance through programs like Medicaid if they stick with Original Medicare.

FAQs about Medicare Advantage Disadvantages

Q1: Are Medicare Advantage plans better than Original Medicare?

A1: Whether Medicare Advantage plans are better than Original Medicare depends on your individual needs and preferences. While Medicare Advantage plans offer additional benefits and may have lower premiums, they also come with potential disadvantages.

Q2: Can I switch from a Medicare Advantage plan to Original Medicare?

A2: Yes, you can switch from a Medicare Advantage plan to Original Medicare during the Medicare Annual Enrollment Period (October 15 – December 7) or the Medicare Advantage Open Enrollment Period (January 1 – March 31).

Q3: Can I have both a Medicare Advantage plan and a Medigap policy?

A3: No, it’s not possible to have both a Medicare Advantage plan and a Medigap policy. Medigap policies only work with Original Medicare.

Q4: Can Medicare Advantage plans deny coverage for pre-existing conditions?

A4: No, Medicare Advantage plans cannot deny coverage based on pre-existing conditions. However, they can impose waiting periods for certain treatments or services.

Q5: Are all Medicare Advantage plans the same?

A5: No, Medicare Advantage plans vary in terms of coverage, costs, network providers, and additional benefits. It’s important to review and compare different plans to find the one that suits your needs.

Q6: Can I join a Medicare Advantage plan if I have end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?

A6: In most cases, individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are not eligible to enroll in a Medicare Advantage plan. However, there are certain exceptions and special circumstances.

Conclusion

While Medicare Advantage plans offer several advantages, it’s essential to be aware of their potential disadvantages. From limited provider networks to higher out-of-pocket costs, understanding these drawbacks can help you make an informed decision about your healthcare coverage. Remember to carefully review and compare different plans before enrolling to ensure they align with your specific needs and preferences.e

We help compare all plan types here at the Senior Savings Network.
We can be reached at 1-800-729-9590.

STOP Medicare Advantage! NYC Lawsuit Filed

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New York City Retirees Fight Against Medicare Coverage Changes

An important development regarding retirees’ access to health insurance is the class-action lawsuit that has been brought against the City of New York. The complaint, which was filed on May 31, 2023, contests the City’s intention to convert almost a quarter million retirees who are aged and disabled from their current Medicare coverage to “Medicare Advantage,” a less comprehensive form of coverage.
[source]

In contrast to the government-run Medicare program that has protected City retirees for more than 50 years, the new insurance policy, known as the Aetna Medicare Advantage plan, is a private, for-profit venture. The lawsuit asserts that the new policy exposes retirees to debilitating healthcare expenditures, has a small network of medical providers, and does not cover a wide range of medical services unless certified “medically necessary” by Aetna.[source]

The action also asks for a preliminary injunction to prevent the City’s plan from being executed and to stop the forced move to Medicare Advantage immediately. They include causing risky denials of and delays in medical care, requiring senior adults on limited incomes to forgo medical care and other requirements, and prohibiting retirees from visiting their preferred doctors and staying in their continuing care homes.[source]

The lawsuit alleges that the City has promised every active and retired City worker since the 1960s that they would be entitled to City-funded healthcare through a combination of Medicare and Medicare “supplemental” insurance, which covers healthcare expenses that Medicare does not. The retirees argue that they reasonably relied on this promise and insist that the City must continue to honor it. The lawsuit alleges eleven other ways that the City’s new healthcare policy violates the rights of retirees, including violations of the New York State Constitution, the Retiree Health Insurance Moratorium Act, the New York State and New York City Human Rights Laws, the City Administrative Procedure Act, and the Donnelly Act.[source]

The legal filings include hundreds of affidavits from retirees, experts, and former high-ranking City officials supporting the allegations in the complaint.[source] Jake Gardener, a partner at Walden Macht & Haran LLP and counsel to the retirees, criticized the City’s new healthcare policy, saying, “The City’s new healthcare policy imperils the health of hundreds of thousands of senior citizens and disabled first responders and flagrantly violates their rights. To deprive them of those benefits now“`html
, in their old age, is an unconscionable bait-and-switch.”[source]

Marianne Pizzitola, President of the New York City Organization of Public Service Retirees, expressed her disappointment, stating, “As a former EMT who became sick working at Ground Zero, I feel disgusted and betrayed by the Mayor and union leaders, who chose to enrich themselves at the expense of elderly and disabled retirees. Retired municipal workers devoted themselves to this city for little pay. We were guaranteed certain healthcare benefits in return. To deny us that after a lifetime of service is outrageous and immoral.”[source]

The class-action lawsuit, a hybrid of a class action and Article 78 proceeding, was filed in the New York State Supreme Court. The retiree plaintiffs are being represented by Walden Macht & Haran LLP, with assistance from co-counsel at Pollock Cohen LLP.[source] As the case proceeds, the implications for the future of healthcare coverage for retirees in New York City remain to be seen.

The Senior Savings Network is a broker specializing in Medicare benefits throughout the United States. We are continuing to monitor this situation and provide help for alternative solutions for those who need it.  The Senior Savings Network can be reached at 1-800-729-9590.

Medicare & You 2024 Guidebook

Medicare and You Book

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The 2024 Medicare & You Guidebook is available and you can download it here.

When downloading the digital version, it will open in your Acrobat document reader, or in your browser. A tip for finding what you want, instantly, is to hit the Control and F button at the same time on your keyboard. This will bring up the FIND feature in your reader. 

Then, type in a word or phrase you are looking for. The reader should show you how many instances of that word or phrase exist in the entire book and you can click the down arrow to move from the first to the second, and so on.

This is how we zero in on things such as the Special Election Periods, Trial Right scenarios, Guarantee Issue Periods, and more. 

The 2024 Medicare & You book is slightly less controversial than those in the past.

 CMS (Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services) has been leaning more and more toward promoting Medicare Advantage plans and this bias has started to come through in their Medicare guide book.

In 2018, the non-profit Medicare Rights Center, in a joint letter with the Center for Medicare Advocacy and Justice in Aging, wrote a letter to the Administrator of CMS urging corrections in the proposed guidebook for 2019. 

They stated, “First, in several places, the Handbook suggests that Medicare Advantage is the less expensive alternative for beneficiaries. This is an overstatement. There are many variables determining whether enrollment in a Medicare Advantage plan may be more or less expensive for any particular Medicare beneficiary…. The repeated suggestion that Medicare Advantage can save beneficiaries money does not fairly represent these realities.”

The letter went on to point out that various descriptions throughout the book give the false impression that the benefits of Original Medicare are the same as the benefits in Medicare Advantage.

When the guidebook was first read by many of our clients, they found it to be confusing, contradictory, and inaccurate to their experience with Medicare. This again points to the benefit of using an independent Medicare professional who can interpret the realities of Medicare and how it works in the real world. This only comes from experience.

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Medicare & You 2024 Guidebook

Medicare Surprise: Drug Plan Prices Change Mid-Year

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Medicare Surprise: Drug Plan Prices Touted During Open Enrollment Can Rise Within a Month

Susan Jaffe

Something strange happened between the time Linda Griffith signed up for a new Medicare prescription drug plan during last fall’s enrollment period and when she tried to fill her first prescription in January.

She picked a Humana drug plan for its low prices, with help from her longtime insurance agent and Medicare’s Plan Finder, an online pricing tool for comparing a dizzying array of options. But instead of the $70.09 she expected to pay for her dextroamphetamine, used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, her pharmacist told her she owed $275.90.

“I didn’t pick it up because I thought something was wrong,” said Griffith, 73, a retired construction company accountant who lives in the Northern California town of Weaverville.

“To me, when you purchase a plan, you have an implied contract,” she said. “I say I will pay the premium on time for this plan. And they’re going to make sure I get the drug for a certain amount.”

But it often doesn’t work that way. As early as three weeks after Medicare’s drug plan enrollment period ends on Dec. 7, insurance plans can change what they charge members for drugs — and they can do it repeatedly. Griffith’s prescription out-of-pocket cost has varied each month, and through March, she has already paid $433 more than she expected to.

A recent analysis by AARP, which is lobbying Congress to pass legislation to control drug prices, compared drugmakers’ list prices between the end of December 2021 — shortly after the Dec. 7 sign-up deadline — and the end of January 2022, just a month after new Medicare drug plans began. Researchers found that the list prices for the 75 brand-name drugs most frequently prescribed to Medicare beneficiaries had risen as much as 8%.

Medicare officials acknowledge that manufacturers’ prices and the out-of-pocket costs charged by an insurer can fluctuate. “Your plan may raise the copayment or coinsurance you pay for a particular drug when the manufacturer raises their price, or when a plan starts to offer a generic form of a drug,” the Medicare website warns.

But no matter how high the prices go, most plan members can’t switch to cheaper plans after Jan. 1, said Fred Riccardi, president of the Medicare Rights Center, which helps seniors access Medicare benefits.

Drug manufacturers usually change the list price for drugs in January and occasionally again in July, “but they can increase prices more often,” said Stacie Dusetzina, an associate professor of health policy at Vanderbilt University and a member of the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission. That’s true for any health insurance policy, not just Medicare drug plans.

Like a car’s sticker price, a drug’s list price is the starting point for negotiating discounts — in this case, between insurers or their pharmacy benefit managers and drug manufacturers. If the list price goes up, the amount the plan member pays may go up, too, she said.

The discounts that insurers or their pharmacy benefit managers receive “don’t typically translate into lower prices at the pharmacy counter,” she said. “Instead, these savings are used to reduce premiums or slow premium growth for all beneficiaries.”

Medicare’s prescription drug benefit, which began in 2006, was supposed to take the surprise out of filling a prescription. But even when seniors have insurance coverage for drugs, advocates said, many still can’t afford them.

“We hear consistently from people who just have absolute sticker shock when they see not only the full cost of the drug, but their cost sharing,” said Riccardi.

The potential for surprises is growing. More insurers have eliminated copayments — a set dollar amount for a prescription — and instead charge members a percentage of the drug price, or coinsurance, Chiquita Brooks-LaSure, the top official at the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, said in a recent interview with KHN. The drug benefit is designed to give insurers the “flexibility” to make such changes. “And that is one of the reasons why we’re asking Congress to give us authority to negotiate drug prices,” she said.

CMS also is looking at ways to make drugs more affordable without waiting for Congress to act. “We are always trying to consider where it makes sense to be able to allow people to change plans,” said Dr. Meena Seshamani, CMS deputy administrator and director of the Center for Medicare, who joined Brooks-LaSure during the interview.

On April 22, CMS unveiled a proposal to streamline access to the Medicare Savings Program, which helps 10 million low-income enrollees pay Medicare premiums and reduce cost sharing. Enrollees also receive drug coverage with reduced premiums and out-of-pocket costs.

The subsidies make a difference. Low-income beneficiaries who have separate drug coverage plans and receive subsidies are nearly twice as likely to take their medications as those without financial assistance, according to a study Dusetzina co-authored for Health Affairs in April.

When CMS approves plans to be sold to beneficiaries, the only part of drug pricing it approves is the cost-sharing amount — or tier — applied to each drug. Some plans have as many as six drug tiers.

In addition to the drug tier, what patients pay can also depend on the pharmacy, their deductible, their copayment or coinsurance — and whether they opt to abandon their insurance and pay cash.

After Linda Griffith left the pharmacy without her medication, she spent a week making phone calls to her drug plan, pharmacy, Social Security, and Medicare but still couldn’t find out why the cost was so high. “I finally just had to give in and pay it because I need the meds — I can’t function without them,” she said.

But she didn’t give up. She appealed to her insurance company for a tier reduction, which was denied. The plan denied two more requests for price adjustments, despite assistance from Pam Smith, program manager for five California counties served by the Health Insurance Counseling and Advocacy Program. They are now appealing directly to CMS.

“It’s important to us to work with our members who have questions about any out-of-pocket costs that are higher than the member would expect,” said Lisa Dimond, a Humana spokesperson. She could not comment about Griffith’s situation because of privacy rules.

However, Griffith said she received a call from a Humana executive who said the company had received an inquiry from the media. After they discussed the problem, Griffith said, the woman told her, “The [Medicare] Plan Finder is an outside source and therefore not reliable information,” but assured Griffith that she would find out where the Plan Finder information had come from.

She won’t have to look far: CMS requires insurers to update their prices every two weeks.

“I want my money back, and I want to be charged the amount I agreed to pay for the drug,” said Griffith. “I think this needs to be fixed because other people are going to be cheated.”

KHN (Kaiser Health News) is a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues. Together with Policy Analysis and Polling, KHN is one of the three major operating programs at KFF (Kaiser Family Foundation). KFF is an endowed nonprofit organization providing information on health issues to the nation.

Subscribe to KHN’s free Morning Briefing.

Why People Leave Medicare Advantage Plans

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Why are so many people leaving Medicare Advantage Plans?
 Studies show several reasons for the trend.

  1. Location

An article in Modern Healthcare found that people living in rural areas are more likely to leave Medicare Advantage and go back to Original Medicare. This is partially attributed to the lack of available in-network doctors, specialists, facilities, etc. 

  1. Cost

Along with being in a rural area, those with costly services are also more likely to disenroll from Medicare Advantage. One study warns that if Private Insurers start charging out-of-pocket costs for lifesaving COVID-19 care, people on Medicare Advantage could face hospital bills of $1000  or more. 

In this video, we discuss several studies that address why enrollees are choosing to leave Medicare Advantage. We also cover time frames and how to switch your Medicare Advantage plan or get back on to Original Medicare. There isn’t one plan best suited for everyone but we can help get you the knowledge needed to decide what plan best suits YOUR needs.

Diabetes and Medicare Advantage

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Differences between Original Medicare vs. Medicare Advantage

If I have diabetes, should I choose Original Medicare or Medicare Advantage?

The answer to this question depends on how important individualized care is to you.

Medicare Advantage plans are typically bundled, all-in-one plans that are made as a ‘one size fits all’, with a prescription drug plan included.

However, Original Medicare is set up for you to choose a supplement plan along with a prescription drug plan tailored to your individual needs.

The American Journal of Managed Care published a study pertaining to the difference in treatment of diabetes between Original Medicare and Medicare Advantage.

In the study, they concluded that in order to achieve savings, Medicare Advantage enrollees are more likely to be treated with cheaper medications, such as Metformin and Sulfonylureas, rather than receive costly, newer medications, compared to Original Medicare. This means Original Medicare affords you the opportunity to have the drugs that might best suit you.

In this video, we review the study and explain some of the differences between Original Medicare and Medicare Advantage. We also discuss why this decision is so important if you or someone you know has diabetes and are searching for the best plan.

If you would like help finding the best Medicare plan for you, please reach out. Our help is 100% FREE to you.

How to Leave a Medicare Advantage Plan

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In the first quarter of every year, seniors often discover that the plan they signed up for during the Annual Enrollment Period does not suit them.
Their doctors may have already left the network. Hospitals they thought participated might have dropped out already.

Still, some seniors have now had the time to review the Summary of Benefits and looked closely at how chemotherapy is covered by Medicare Advantage.

This is often quite a shock, when, not only must they use only network providers (in the case of the HMO), but the plans typically only pay 80% of the cancer treatment costs.

That’s the “Advantage” they’ve been sold for the often-zero premium.

Regardless of the reason, Medicare says that the first quarter is the opportunity to go back to original Medicare or change to a more-appropriate Medicare Advantage plan.

Steps to Cancel a Medicare Advantage Plan

From January 1 to March 31, Medicare now calls this the “Open Enrollment Period.”

A more appropriate name would be the “Disenrollment Period“. Those without a plan cannot obtain one, so it is not open by any stretch.

If you wish to go from Medicare Advantage to a Medicare Supplement, here are the steps:

  1. Apply for a Medicare Supplement
  2. Wait for the Underwriting Approval from the Supplement company
  3. When approved, make an application for a Part D plan.
  4. When the Part D plan starts, it automatically cancels the Advantage plan

This process ensures that you do not prematurely cancel the only insurance you may be able to qualify for. By using an independent Medicare broker, like the Senior Savings Network, you can find out what Medicare Supplement companies will likely approve your application and guarantee that you will not be paying too much for the same coverage that is offered by all of the Medicare Supplement companies.

Careful: Do Not Act in Haste!

Far too often, we get calls from seniors telling us that they became angry with the details of their Medicare Advantage plan and have already called their company and told them to cancel it. This is the wrong move.

In a worst-case scenario, that Advantage plan MAY be the only insurance you can have and, having something is better than nothing at all. So let an independent professional advise you on which plans are available in the market and which ones are most likely to approve you.

We would be happy to help with this process.


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Does the Mayo Clinic Accept Medicare Supplement Plans?

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Can you use your Medicare Supplement plan at the Mayo Clinic? Yes.
Depending on which Medicare Supplement plan letter you have, you may or may not be responsible for paying “Excess Charges”.

As of 2020, Mayo Clinic in Florida accepts full Medicare Assignment.
This means that they will not bill Excess Charges. Those on Medicare Supplement Plan N will not see an additional bill for Excess Charges when visiting the Mayo Clinic in Florida.

The Arizona Mayo Clinic facility does not (yet) accept Medicare Assignment, so those on Plan N might see an Excess Charge billed from Mayo in Arizona.

Medicare Supplement plans only supplement what is APPROVED by original Medicare. If Medicare approves the procedure and pays their 80%, the Supplement plan, also known as Medigap, will fill in the remaining portion, subject to your deductible and possible co-payment, depending again on which Medicare Supplement plan letter you signed up for.

In this video, we go over the details of how Medicare and Medicare Supplements are accepted at the Mayo Clinic. Also, for those on a Medicare Advantage plan, you must look very closely at your plan and communicate with Mayo on it, as these private plans are most often not accepted at centers of excellence like the Mayo Clinic.

See the video:

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Ways and Means Committee Report on AARP Removed From Site

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According to the internet archive, the last time the Ways and Means Committee report on AARP was available at its location on the congressional website was December 25, 2018. Some time shortly thereafter, before the new year of 2019, the file has been removed.

A Google search of the file name will show that it has been referenced in thousands of other websites and news reports, however, a click on those links, pointing back to the Ways and Means Committee website now shows, “FILE NOT FOUND.”

As the original report from 2011 was newsworthy and enlightening, the Senior Savings Network has decided to post the original report here, in its entirety. 
See the original report:

AARP Report House Ways and Means Committee

Until it is removed, too, here is the video talking about the report, from the Ways and Means Committee’s Youtube channel:

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Medicare Advantage Investigation by OIG | Denials For Profit

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Medicare Advantage Practics Draw Scrutiny from HHS


The Office of Inspector General (OIG) for the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has published the findings of an investigation into claims denials for members of Medicare Advantage Plans. The report concluded that there is a profit motive, stating specifically, “A central concern about the capitated payment model used in Medicare Advantage is the potential incentive for MAOs to inappropriately deny access to services and payment in an attempt to increase their profits.”

 

Medicare Advantage plans are becoming a popular choice for seniors as they enter Medicare years (65 year’s old) and often has a monthly premium of $0. The monthly premium is subsidized by the government’s payment to private insurance companies who then manage the care the senior receives. The incentive to closely scrutinize what is approved for care is what amounts the insurer’s profit – that is, the difference between the government’s monthly pay for the senior’s care, at a fixed rate, versus the actual cost of care provided.

 

Most seniors joining Medicare Advantage plans are aware that there are usually network limitations and restrictions on providers where they can seek treatment. This is the most recognized trade-off for a very low, or even zero monthly premium in comparison to original Medicare and a Medicare Supplement, which pays what Medicare does not pay, typically 20% of medical costs. Unlike original Medicare, however, the restrictions put in place on most Medicare Advantage plans go beyond merely agreeing to abide by a network of contracted providers and having co-payments when services are utilized.

 

The OIG study found that during 2014-2016, Medicare Advantage plans overturned 75% of their own preauthorization and payment denials, overturning approximately 216,000 denials each year. Even more, denials were overturned when the beneficiaries went further into the appeals process, beyond the first stage. The report states, “The high number of overturned denials raises concerns that some Medicare Advantage beneficiaries and providers were initially denied services and payments that should have been provided.”

 

The alarming conclusion of this study points to the fact that only 1 percent of denials were appealed to the first level during the examined period. This means that 99% of denials to beneficiaries went unchallenged and those services were just not provided. When 75% of appeals were ultimately won by the beneficiary, it would appear that most beneficiaries are not aware of the success rate or the appeals process at all.

 

At the Senior Savings Network, seniors are shown the options available to them when they are joining Medicare. These options include original Medicare and a Supplement, which offers the freedom of choice to visit any doctor and any hospital that accepts Medicare; or a Medicare Advantage program with its inherently unique set of network and procedure conditions. The Medicare Supplement route means that the senior can travel from coast to coast, without restriction, and there are no significant deductibles, pre-authorization procedures, or maximum out of pocket concerns when seeking the care their chosen physician feels is best for them, as long as the procedure is deemed medically necessary by Medicare.

 

While the Medicare Advantage network can be searched to see if the beneficiary’s doctor is within the network, that network can still change during the plan year, as doctor and hospital contracts are not always calendar-year contracts and providers can choose to leave the networks. A provider leaving the Medicare Advantage plan in the middle of the plan year does not provide the beneficiary with a Special Election Period to change plans. In that scenario, the beneficiary must stay in the plan and simply choose a different plan-authorized doctor or hospital. A recent story from the Mississippi Clarion Ledger on October 29, 2018 “Hospitals Dropping Medicare Advantage agreements leaves patients in lurch” reported, “North Mississippi Health Services CEO Shane Spees recently told the Northeast Mississippi Daily Journal that only 4 percent of his company’s patients use Humana Medicare Advantage, but they account for 85 percent of payment denials for all payers.

 

The benefits within a Medicare Advantage plan, as announced at the beginning of the year are fixed for the duration of the calendar year, but not beyond that one-year period. This means that a member of a specific Medicare Advantage plan who signed up for a set premium (or no premium), after finding out that their favorite doctor is in the network might find that the next year the premium, co-payments, and provider networks have changed. This is announced in their “Annual Notice of Change” received by the members in October which outline what changes will happen to their program on the next January 1.

 

Conversely, with original Medicare and a Medicare Supplement plan, the benefits of the Supplement are guaranteed renewable. This means that the benefits are guaranteed not to change in the future as long as the premiums for that plan continue to be paid. This provides more certainty with regard to the future benefits of their chosen plan. While the monthly premiums can change, the benefits and freedom to choose any Medicare doctor or hospital from coast-t0-coast, does not.

 

In their audit, the OIG recommends that the Center for Medicare & Medicare Services (CMS) “enhance their oversight of Medicare Advantage contracts, including those with extremely high overturn rates and/or low appeal rates, and take corrective action as appropriate.” It was also recommended that CMS implement strategies to communicate with beneficiaries in a clearer way about the appeals process available to them. The Medicare Advantage appeals process can be quite daunting and has various layers of complexity.

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